This is a KING

Kings can move one square in each of the 8 directions. When castling kings can however jump two squares left or right.

This is a QUEEN

Queens move both diagonally, vertically or horisontally and cannot jump over other pieces.

This is a ROOK

Rooks move vertically or horisontally and cannot jump over other pieces.

This is a BISHOP

Bishops move diagonally and cannot jump over other pieces.

This is a KNIGHT

Knights move 1 square in one direction followed by 2 squares perpendicular to that direction.

This is a PAWN

Pawns can only move forward one square (two squares the first time the pawn moves). Capturing moves involve a diagonal move - forward left or right. Pawns advancing to the 8th rank are promoted.